Chero chinhu chiri pasi pechiito chekuwedzera kana chinogara chiripo simba rekunze chinozopedzisira chichipfuura imwe muganhu uye kuparadzwa. Kune akawanda marudzi emasimba ekunze anokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwezvinhu, senge tension, pressure, shear, uye torsion. Masimba maviri aya, kusimba kwesimba uye kusimba kwegoho, ndezvekusimba chete.
Aya masimba maviri anowanikwa kuburikidza nemiedzo yakaoma. Izvo zvinhu zvinoramba zvakatambanudzwa pachiyero chakatarwa kurodha kusvika chatyoka, uye iyo yakanyanya simba yainotakura kana ichityora ndiyo yekupedzisira tensile mutoro wezvinhu. Iyo yekupedzisira tensile mutoro kuratidza kwesimba, uye iyo unit ndiNewton (N). Nekuti Newton idiki unit, kazhinji, kilonewtons (KN) anoshandiswa, uye yekupedzisira tensile mutoro unokamurwa nemuenzaniso. Mhedzisiro inokonzeresa kubva kunzvimbo yepakutanga-yakachinjika inonzi iyo tensile simba.
Inomiririra kugona kwakanyanya kwechinhu kuramba kukundikana pasi pekunetsekana. Saka chii chinonzi simba regoho? Kusimba kwegoho ndekwezvinhu zve elastic chete, inelastic zvinhu hazvina simba rekubereka. Semuenzaniso, marudzi ese emhando dzesimbi, mapurasitiki, rabha, nezvimwewo, zvese zvine elasticity uye goho simba. Girazi, makeramiki, masonry, nezvimwewo kazhinji haachinjiki, uye kunyangwe zvinhu zvakadaro zviri elastic, zvishoma. Iyo elastic zvinhu inoiswa pasi pesimba risingaperi uye rinoramba richiwedzera kunze simba kusvika raputsika.
Chii chaizvo chachinja? Kutanga, zvinhu zvinopinda elastic deformation pasi pekuita kwesimba rekunze, kureva kuti, zvinhu zvichadzokera kuhukuru hwayo hwepakutanga uye chimiro mushure mokunge simba rekunze rabviswa. Kana simba rekunze richiramba richiwedzera uye richisvika kune imwe kukosha, zvinhu zvinopinda mupurasitiki deformation nguva. Kana zvinhu zvangopinda deformation yepurasitiki, saizi yepakutanga uye chimiro chechinhu hachigone kudzoserwa kana simba rekunze rabviswa! Kusimba kweiyo yakakosha poindi inokonzera aya marudzi maviri e deformation ndiko kusimba kwegoho rezvinhu. Zvichienderana neiyo inoshandiswa tensile force, kukosha kwesimba rekuita kwenzvimbo iyi yakakosha kunonzi goho.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-23-2022